Friday, March 14, 2025

Clearwater Analytics Makes Two Strategic Acquisitions

Clearwater Analytics has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Beacon, a provider of cross-asset class modeling and risk analytics for derivatives, private credit and debt, structured products and other alternative assets, and Bistro, Blackstone’s proprietary portfolio visualization software platform built for Blackstone’s Credit & Insurance business.

Clearwater will acquire Beacon for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $560m, 60% of which will be paid in cash, with the remainder to be paid in shares of Clearwater Class A common stock valued at approximately $30.05 per share. With ARR of approximately $44m at the end of 2024, this platform has scale and market acceptance as a leading risk and modeling platform.

The purchase price for the Bistro software is $125m, of which $10m will be paid in cash and the remainder will be paid in shares of Class A common stock, valued at $30.00 per share. This transaction represents the purchase of a platform developed by Blackstone.

Clearwater will use the proceeds from its previously committed $800m Term Loan B, cash on hand, and a portion of its $200m revolving line of credit to fund the acquisitions of Beacon and Bistro and the previously announced acquisition of Enfusion.

Sandeep Sahai

“These transactions bring the critical IP needed to build a disruptive, end-to-end platform for the investment management industry. Integrating these platforms into a single, seamless solution will require intense focus and execution over the next year or two, but I’m confident in our ability to deliver. As we complete this work, we expect our customers to be completely delighted,” said Sandeep Sahai, CEO at Clearwater Analytics. 

For insurance companies and asset owners, these acquisitions represent a fully integrated technology stack for investment management that combines pre-trade, post-trade and risk all in one platform. It will bring all their public and private assets into a single analytics framework, obviating the need for constant upgrades, endless reconciliation and error-prone manual processing. This platform will also enable efficient asset liability matching and regulatory reporting and lower the cost of doing business.

For asset managers, this will mean eliminating inefficiencies in managing private credit, real estate debt, structured products and alternative investments. Clearwater will be the only SaaS platform capable of providing a complete, real-time understanding of exposures, cash flow dynamics and risk correlations across strategies, geographies and asset types. Client reporting that includes a comprehensive view of all their public and private assets and scenario modeling will be dramatically enhanced.

“With this combination, Chief Investment and Chief Risk Officers will have a unified, real-time view of their entire portfolio—from public equities and private credit to structured products and alternatives—all in a single, cloud-native platform. The Clearwater platform will allow them to drill down and comprehensively understand their exposure to a company, industry or geography across all their investments, public and private. That will, in turn, allow them to model their entire portfolio, evaluate cash flows and understand risk. Add to that the industry-leading pre-trade capabilities of the Enfusion platform, and the industry will have a true front-to-back platform, enhancing their ability to make better investment decisions,” said Sandeep Sahai, CEO at Clearwater Analytics. 

“This is an incredible moment—not just for Beacon, but for the entire industry,” said Kirat Singh, CEO of Beacon. “Our platform is already integrated with Clearwater and Enfusion at many of our shared clients, delivering best-in-class risk, performance and pre-trade functionality. By bringing these platforms together, along with Blackstone’s Bistro, we’re creating something truly industry-leading—giving institutional investors complete transparency across front office, pre-trade, risk and accounting. We believe no one else can offer this level of depth, and I couldn’t be more excited for what’s ahead.”

“Technology is critical to everything we do, including how we interface with key investors who are broadening their exposure to private credit assets. We built the Bistro platform to address a need we saw in the market both for ourselves and our clients to have a more advanced credit portfolio insights platform. Clearwater has an exciting opportunity to continue evolving this core infrastructure platform for the credit asset management industry and we look forward to helping them build something that creates enduring value,” said John Stecher, Chief Technology Officer of Blackstone.

Michael Chae, Blackstone Vice Chairman & Chief Financial Officer, added: “The culture of innovation at Blackstone extends across how we develop both investment and operational solutions, and the value creation represented by Bistro is a reflection of that.”

“PIMCO has had a strategic partnership and minority stake in Beacon since 2018 and is highly supportive of the combination with Clearwater. Our partnership with Beacon has enabled us to accelerate the development of market-leading risk and analytics tools on behalf of our clients. We are excited to build upon this long-standing partnership with Clearwater and to explore even more opportunities which create value for our clients globally,” said John Kirkowski, Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer of PIMCO.

AI is Streamlining Financial Operations and Reducing Errors

The financial industry is undergoing a major transformation, led by the adoption of agentic workflows—AI-driven systems designed to enhance efficiency, precision, and decision-making in global markets, according to Emily Prince, London Stock Exchange Group’s AI expert & Group Head of Analytics.

“Workflows aren’t just changing the industry—they’re redefining how we operate,” said Prince on the sidelines of FIA Boca. 

Emily Prince

“For example, if you’re a risk manager, assisted workflows mean you no longer have to manually compile reports. AI can gather the necessary data, organize it, and even generate insights—freeing up time for more strategic decision-making.”

Beyond productivity, these AI-driven workflows reduce human error. “Financial processes often involve numerous manual steps across multiple teams, which increases the risk of mistakes. By automating and streamlining these tasks, we not only improve efficiency but also significantly enhance accuracy,” she explained.

However, Prince cautions against seeing AI as a “magic bullet.” “The real benefits come when organizations have a clear understanding of their workflows and where AI can add value. Simply adding AI to a process won’t automatically make it 20% more efficient—you need to have a clear problem statement and success criteria.”

At LSEG, AI is driving innovation both internally and externally. Internally, AI enhances customer support by delivering real-time, context-aware insights. 

“We’re using AI to provide timely, cognitive answers to customers by pulling the best information quickly,” Prince told Traders Magazine. “Additionally, AI-driven code generation is improving efficiency in software development,” she said.

Externally, AI is transforming financial products. “One of the most exciting advancements is actioning natural language into a series of financial tasks – from the generation of scenarios to pricing and risk analysis for portfolios of securities,” she explained. “Previously, tasks that took weeks and required multiple teams can now be completed in seconds. By integrating deep financial expertise with AI, we’re making these processes faster and more precise.”

Prince highlighted LSEG’s Visual Studio Code product, which enables clients to run complex financial models across vast datasets. “This tool allows for scenario analysis and risk assessment at an unprecedented speed—empowering users to make better decisions, faster.”

AI models are improving in their ability to analyze market dynamics, but their predictive power remains complex. “One major advantage AI has over humans is its ability to process massive amounts of data continuously,” Prince explained.

“Humans have limited context windows, and external factors like breaks or cognitive / environmental biases impact their ability to consume large volumes of data in real time – and then make the ‘best’ possible decision. AI, on the other hand, can detect patterns across much broader datasets which may have otherwise been undetected.”

However, regulatory challenges arise when AI is involved in high precision decision-making. “Regulators expect financial institutions to provide clear, explainable justifications for mission critical decisions,” said Prince. “While AI can support these decisions, it’s crucial to ensure that final outputs remain interpretable and compliant with regulatory standards.”

The rise of AI-driven financial decision-making presents challenges for regulators. “Regulators are balancing innovation with consumer protection,” said Prince. “Rather than imposing rigid rules, we see an increasing focus on risk-based frameworks that support AI adoption while ensuring transparency and accountability.”

One of the biggest hurdles is the lack of global regulatory alignment. “If financial institutions operate under different AI regulations in the US, Europe, and the UK, it complicates product development and compliance,” she explained. “The more policymakers can converge on global AI principles, the better we can foster both innovation and consumer protection.”

While AI and cloud technology are driving change, Prince believes the real shift is cultural. “The biggest innovation isn’t just AI itself—it’s the willingness of financial institutions to challenge their traditional business models,” she said.

“Financial firms are now asking, What does this mean for our business? They are interrogating long-standing processes and looking for ways to leap forward. Previously, optimization happened in small steps—moving from B to C to D. Now, AI allows us to jump from A to M, fundamentally rethinking how financial services operate.”

For Prince, the ultimate goal is empowering financial professionals with the right information at the right time. “AI isn’t about replacing human decision-making—it’s about making it smarter, faster, and more informed,” she concluded.

The Front Office Has a Stake in T+1 Readiness

By Daniel Carpenter, CEO of Meritsoft, a Cognizant company

Standfirst: T+1 will be an operations team priority but there’s something in it for the front office

Europe has set 11 October 2027 as the day it moves to T+1 with the EU, UK and Switzerland all moving in Tandem. But with 14 clearing houses and 32 central securities depositories that all need to be coordinated, it will not be an easy task.

For many firms, budget allocation and plans to upgrade systems have already begun. This will allow 2026 to be used as a year to implement new systems and software and where 2027 can be focused on testing, final preparations and gaining operational benefits in advance of the deadline.

Responsibility for this market moving event lies primarily with the operations team and other back office functions to be prepared. In this industry, the unfortunate reality often sees back office upgrades falling to the wayside, as demands from the revenue generating front office take precedent.

But there are major costs that inevitably hit deal profitability, associated with addressing T+1 manually, which should make the front office sit up and take notice.

For processes that could not be automated, either because of time or budget, staff numbers were increased as T+1 went live in the US in May 2024. A survey published in September 2024 by Citi found that 44% of firms were significantly impacted by increased headcount in the middle and back office. Half of companies indicated that securities lending and funding/margining were also severely increased due to the shortened settlement cycle.

These challenges can lead to lost revenue due to the likes of early stock recalls or holding more cash to meet funding requirements. Settlement fails also incur costs from interest claims of trade counterparties and – in the EU – regulatory penalties from CSDR.

Improving settlement efficiency is not just about being ready for T+1, it will also enable the wider business to find and unlock capital efficiencies.

Known unknowns

It is hard to fully quantify the losses caused by settlement fails. They are known unknowns. Without the transparency created by centralising all the relevant data, firms have a poor view of how fails affect their wider trading operations.

A better overview using granular data from in-house systems, custodians, CSDs and trade counterparties will help predict which firms might be more prone to fail at certain times or for specific types of securities.

This level of transparency will enable firms to make more strategic decisions, for example, on their stock lending and recall activities, which will be key given the expectation that settlement fails will increase under T+1.

The front office needs to be much more cognizant that if a trade fails there is a cost to that, through the added expense of stock borrowing or penalties for the fail to both the counterparty and the regulator.

Optimising post-trade

In the quest for better capital efficiency, firms have focused on what the front office knows, pre-trade. Regulation has meant best execution has been relentlessly pursued. Traders select the venue with the best price, using the right order type and trade at the correct time of day, tapping into multiple data streams to ensure best execution.

T+1 can help jump start the conversation that many post-trade processes remain unoptimised and that there are efficiencies to be realised.

While there is plenty of data to make sure a trader is getting the best bid/offer, less attention is being paid to how fails can influence the balance sheet. The data exists to alert a front office trader that there could be added costs to a trade by predicting when fails may occur. Historical trends can help inform future settlement fail risk – that information just needs to be captured and analysed.

As firms continue to squeeze more efficiency out of pre-trade, there are still plenty of areas left in post-trade where a central repository of settlement data can drive capital efficiency for the entire business.

Getting ready for T+1 may seem like an exercise of regulatory compliance, but there’s something in it for the front office as well.

DTCC’s Global Trade Repository to Add MiFID/R Reporting Capabilities

DTCC’s GTR to Add MiFID/R Reporting Capabilities to Further Support Market Participants with Transaction and Trade Reporting Obligations

The Global Trade Repository (GTR) MiFID/R Approved Reporting Mechanism (ARM) service is targeted to be launched by Q1 2026, subject to regulatory approval

New York/London/Hong Kong/Singapore/Sydney, March 12, 2025 ‒ The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC), the premier post-trade market infrastructure for the global financial services industry, today announced its plans to add a Markets in Financial Instruments Directive/Regulation (MiFID/R) ARM service to its Global Trade Repository (GTR) service in support of evolving transaction and trade reporting requirements. Subject to regulatory approval, the service is targeted to be launched in the UK by Q1 2026 and in the EU in line with the upcoming regulatory changes.

Once launched, GTR’s MiFID/R capabilities will enable firms to fulfil their transaction reporting obligations under the regulation. Firms will also benefit from ancillary services such as data quality analytics as well as smart tooling to assist with monitoring, controls and exception management. In addition, the service will include a dedicated back-reporting channel with queuing and in sequence processing to authorities as well as a suite of end-of-day reports to facilitate timely issue resolution. DTCC’s GTR is the only industry-owned and governed global provider of trade reporting services and now supports the major reporting regulations from a single global platform.

“In support of the industry’s evolving trade and transaction reporting needs, we look forward to working closely with key stakeholders to launch the new GTR MiFID/R capabilities in early 2026 following regulatory approvals,” said Michele Hillery, DTCC Managing Director and Head of Repository and Derivatives Services. “DTCC is uniquely positioned to leverage its expertise in regulatory trade and transaction reporting to not only help clients comply with forthcoming mandates, but also to enable them to modernize and optimize their operational processes.”

With the addition of MiFID/R capabilities, GTR consolidates derivatives and securities trade and transaction reporting on a single platform, offering clients the opportunity to optimize cost, governance, operational risk and controls management.

“As with past regulations, there will be operational complexities once the MiFID III/MiFIR II regulation is introduced,” said Syed Ali, DTCC Managing Director, Repository & Derivatives Services (RDS). “We are distinctively positioned to help clients address these complexities while ensuring smooth and successful implementations.”

ABOUT DTCC

With over 50 years of experience, DTCC is the premier post-trade market infrastructure for the global financial services industry. From 20 locations around the world, DTCC, through its subsidiaries, automates, centralizes, and standardizes the processing of financial transactions, mitigating risk, increasing transparency, enhancing performance and driving efficiency for thousands of broker/dealers, custodian banks and asset managers. Industry owned and governed, the firm innovates purposefully, simplifying the complexities of clearing, settlement, asset servicing, transaction processing, trade reporting and data services across asset classes, bringing enhanced resilience and soundness to existing financial markets while advancing the digital asset ecosystem. In 2023, DTCC’s subsidiaries processed securities transactions valued at U.S. $3 quadrillion and its depository subsidiary provided custody and asset servicing for securities issues from over 150 countries and territories valued at U.S. $85 trillion. DTCC’s Global Trade Repository service, through locally registered, licensed, or approved trade repositories, processes more than 20 billion messages annually. To learn more, please visit us at www.dtcc.com or connect with us on LinkedInXYouTubeFacebook and Instagram.

Innovations in Market Liquidity and Price Discovery: A Path to Efficiency

The financial markets have undergone a significant transformation in recent years, driven by advancements in technology and functional developments in trading protocols. Innovations in liquidity and price discovery mechanisms are shaping the market structure, making trading more efficient, transparent, and scalable.

Tal Cohen

Industry experts believe that the evolution of market protocols stems from the experience of market practitioners who identify inefficiencies and develop solutions to enhance liquidity, as it was heard at Liquidity Discovery panel discussion at FIA Boca on March 11.

Liquidity in today’s markets is a function of multiple interdependent factors, including order flow, execution speed, and data transparency. As Tal Cohen, President, Nasdaq, said, pre-Covid, the Exchange processed around 40 billion messages per day. By 2022, this number surged to 60–70 billion, and in 2025, “we are witnessing over 100 billion daily messages”. “Managing this unprecedented volume requires sophisticated solutions to avoid fragmentation and inefficiencies,” he said.

One breakthrough in liquidity management is the application of AI-driven dynamic strike optimization in options markets. With over 5 million strikes in the system, AI identifies quoting and trading activity patterns, eliminating inactive strikes to reallocate capacity efficiently. This approach reduces operational risk and complexity while enabling innovation without overloading market infrastructure.

“By leveraging AI, we ensure that market participants can focus on meaningful trading opportunities without unnecessary market noise,” said Cohen. “This optimization enhances liquidity provisioning and ensures that exchanges remain resilient amid growing data volumes.”

Mike Kuehnel

Market fragmentation remains a challenge, as multiple trading venues and order types create inefficiencies, noted Mike Kuehnel, Chief Executive Officer, Flow Traders.

“One challenge is fragmentation across different markets, reaching the median processing classes,” he said.

As liquidity pools disperse, price discovery becomes more complex. Participants must navigate a landscape where transactions occur both on-screen and off-screen, impacting transparency.

Liquidity today is more than just a technological solution. It’s about aligning incentives across exchanges, market makers, and traders to ensure that liquidity is accessible and efficient.

In Europe, for example, the shift toward off-screen trading in options markets is accelerating. Traditionally, about 50% of trading occurred off-screen, but that number is increasing, commented Robbert Booij, CEO, Eurex. Market makers and institutional investors often prefer off-screen trading for risk management reasons, as it allows for more controlled execution strategies.

Robbert Booij

To address these challenges, exchanges are introducing new liquidity provisioning models. “The only good quote is a traded quote. We are moving beyond just spreading the market with quotes; we need to ensure meaningful execution,” Booij said.

Digital assets and tokenization are reshaping market structures, bridging the gap between traditional financial systems and decentralized finance (DeFi). While some investors see digital assets as a disruptive force, others view them as an extension of existing market structures.

“We are not looking to replace traditional finance but to create a seamless ecosystem where digital and traditional assets coexist,” said Kuehnel. “Tokenization and blockchain technology offer opportunities for more efficient settlement processes and enhanced liquidity provisioning.”

As regulators and market participants explore the implications of tokenization, ensuring that liquidity remains intact across asset classes is crucial. Some institutions are already integrating AI-driven liquidity management systems to adapt to the evolving landscape.

Looking ahead, the next frontier of market structure evolution involves balancing segmentation and centralization. Market participants seek to maintain transparency while optimizing order execution efficiency. The key questions remain:

  • Is price discovery as effective as it should be?
  • Are investors accessing the best possible prices?
  • Is liquidity being concentrated or fragmented across multiple venues?

While liquidity attracts liquidity, an over-fragmented market can diminish its effectiveness. Exchanges, clearinghouses, and liquidity providers must work together to ensure that market structures evolve in a way that benefits all participants.

As Booij put it: “The combination of an exchange with a multi-asset clearinghouse creates efficiency and attracts liquidity. Investors don’t just seek the best price—they seek stability, transparency, and operational efficiency.”

In conclusion, innovation in liquidity and price discovery is a combination of technological advancements and refined trading protocols. The market’s future will depend on how well participants can integrate AI, optimize liquidity structures, and balance fragmentation with efficiency. The ongoing evolution of financial markets requires a holistic approach that incorporates technology, regulation, and market expertise to sustain growth and resilience.

Why the Data-Driven OMS Will Come to Dominate

By Medan Gabbey, CRO, Quod Financial

(This is the third article in our multi-part series on industry themes, following Adapt to Survive – How Modular Deployment is Transforming Legacy Systems published on February 19, 2025.)

Goldman Sachs estimates that over the next five years Microsoft, Alphabet, Meta and Amazon will collectively invest over $1 trillion in AI. At the same time VC funding in AI startups reached $64.1 billion in 2024 alone.

Medan Gabbey, Quod Financial
Medan Gabbey, Quod Financial

With this kind of firepower being thrown about, few doubt that AI is going to have a significant impact in every industry and sector. And yet it’s surprising that trading firms have struggled to embrace what AI means for their Order Management Systems (OMS). Aside from the secretive HFT firms, success stories are thin on the ground. The number one reason cited for AI project failures is lack of a clearly defined goal. And coming in a close second is getting data into a format that the LLMs and Agents can go to work. And, as we all know, data in our industry is hugely fragmented and duplicated both in form and location. The simple fact is that AI is only as good as the data it feeds on.

This article looks at how OMSs need to change to become far more data-driven so that AI can really play its part. Overcoming this challenge is vital as a firm’s OMS is central to its business and helps frame its value proposition to the outside world.

What is a data-driven OMS?

The classic definition of data-driven refers to “making decisions, guiding actions, and
formulating strategies based on empirical evidence and analysis of relevant data”. In the OMS world this definition is more nuanced as data is spread over multiple systems and applications that historically have not worked in unison. Worse many of these platforms are legacies from a bygone era where developers never cared about what happened outside ”their” system.

So what is needed in a data-driven OMS is a platform that can act as both a state engine and a single source of truth. This means close integrations with other systems so that the overall user experience can scroll smoothly. For sure, this data can then be loaded into an IMDG (In Memory Data Grid) so that system performance is never compromised but the data driven OMS acts like Central Station as nearly all data resides in it or flows through it.

Why is this important now?

The cycle for replacing OMS platforms is shrinking. In part this is because the huge leaps in technology mean that newer vendors have a distinct advantage. But also, the industry has changed since the legacy platforms were installed. Shrinking commissions, higher cost of business (due to regulation) and fragmented liquidity conspire to make the economics of the industry far more challenging. On top of this, clients are becoming ever more demanding from their broker networks. And, finally, the cost of failure in terms of regulatory sanction, reputational damage and hard cash is only going up.

Equally, the benefits of a data-driven OMS can drive revenue through improving client service, understanding client behaviour and really understanding what is going on in your firm are considerable.

So, what does a data-driven OMS look like?

A data-driven OMS starts with the right data model. It must be inherently multi-asset — not simply because sell-side firms trade that way, but because their clients expect a unified cross-asset view. The OMS should be capable of ingesting and normalizing data from multiple sources and vendors, each typically using proprietary formats. By structuring data at the core, the OMS becomes the single source of truth, ensuring consistency across execution, compliance, and analytics workflows. Quod Financial’s data model is built for extensibility and integrity, allowing seamless adaptation to new asset classes, regulatory requirements, and client-specific workflows without major system overhauls.

Once the data foundation is in place, the next crucial element is a microservices-based architecture. In contrast to monolithic systems, where scaling is cumbersome and failures in one area can cascade across the platform, a microservices OMS runs as a series of independent, loosely coupled services—each representing a specific business function. This allows for independent scaling, high availability, and encourages technological diversity as deployment becomes far simpler, as you are not ripping out one monolith only to replace it with another.

Quod Financial’s architecture takes this further with a central messaging BUS, enabling real-time, in-memory data processing and integration with external solutions via high-performance APIs. Unlike legacy architectures, which struggle under peak loads or market spikes, Quod’s microservices model supports rapid scaling by simply adding more instances to the BUS, ensuring optimal performance in high-volume environments.

The third key feature of a data-driven OMS is a robust and actively maintained API layer. The term API has become so ubiquitous that it masks a wide spectrum of implementations—many of which are inflexible and outdated. Legacy vendors often struggle here, as their architectures were originally built to lock clients into a single, closed ecosystem. In contrast, modern trading infrastructure is modular, relying on best-of-breed solutions that work together as seamlessly as the microservices inside the core OMS. A true data driven OMS must provide open, well-documented, and low-latency APIs that allow firms to integrate proprietary analytics,third-party algos, or alternative execution channels without friction.

All too often, techie rivalry or commercial jealousy gets in the way of multi-vendor platforms. Successful deployment of a data-driven OMS needs cooperation between vendors and in-house resources against a single, shared goal.

The final ingredient has nothing to do with technology at all. It’s about the attitude of the vendor or vendors you are working with. Too often, techie rivalry or commercial rivalries create roadblocks to interoperability. Successful deployment of a data driven OMS needs cooperation between vendors and in-house resources against a single, shared goal.

Conclusion

Any firm that believes AI is in its future needs an OMS platform that can solve the data problem. A data driven OMS can be at the heart of this—provided it has a multi-asset, extensible data model, a microservices architecture, and rich APIs. And, of course, until AI is running the world, you’ll need a committed team of multi-vendor human resources aligned with the same goal as your internal teams.

Bracing for Change: John C. Dugan on Trade, Markets, and Regulation

As 2025 progresses, uncertainty continues to dominate global markets and the business landscape, according to John C. Dugan, Chair of the Board of Directors at Citigroup.

Christine Romans and John C. Dugan at FIA Boca, March 11, 2025. (Traders Magazine photo)

“I think uncertainty is the right word,” he said, speaking at a fireside chat with Christine Romans, Senior Business Correspondent, NBC News at FIA Boca on Tuesday, March 11.

 “Post-election, I think a lot of us in the business world were euphoric about the animal spirits coming back, markets being really energized by anticipating a really busy 2025. But that has given way to a significant amount of uncertainty as a result of the tariff announcements and the like.”

One of the most pressing concerns for businesses worldwide is the potential for a new protectionist era in the United States. The current administration has signaled a shift away from the globalization efforts that have defined the past 80 years of U.S. economic policy. Instead, there is a renewed focus on domestic manufacturing, restricted trade, and controlled borders. 

But is it truly possible to dismantle globalization? Dugan believes that while global trade dynamics may shift, the fundamental nature of international commerce will persist.

“I guess what I would say is sure, it’s possible to have a significant impact on global trade, to change the trade corridors, but I do not think it’s possible to go back to a world where there’s virtually no trade between nations,” he explained. “And I think, honestly, that’s not exactly what they want to do.”

Citigroup, as one of the most globally integrated banks, is uniquely positioned to adapt to these changes. With operations in 100 countries and the ability to work with 144 currencies across 80 trading floors, Citi is prepared to help businesses navigate evolving supply chains and regional trade adjustments.

“The reality is, people shift from being extremely global to more regional, and those are places where we operate. We have businesses, and we do a lot with supply chains. So we’ll help people rearrange their businesses,” Dugan said. “I think that’s more likely than to have something completely shut down.”

Regulatory Recalibration: A Post-Crisis Inflection Point

The shifting regulatory environment is another key area of focus for business leaders. The aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis saw a dramatic increase in banking regulations, but recent developments suggest a recalibration may be underway.

“I do think it is an inflection point,” Dugan noted. “Post-financial crisis, there was a natural swinging of the pendulum to have a lot more regulation of banks and the banking system. And that was just a never-ending series of things going on—understandable, but in my view, it’s gone too far.”

Events such as the Silicon Valley Bank collapse have reinforced the resilience of large financial institutions, like Citigroup and its competitors, further supporting the argument for regulatory adjustments.

John C. Dugan speaking at a fireside chat at FIA Boca 2025. (Traders Magazine photo)

“What happened in the last five years or so—there have been a series of issues, like what happened with Silicon Valley Bank, which was bad for them but actually showed that larger banks fared very well because they were much stronger, much more resilient,” Dugan explained.

As the new administration takes shape, there is an opportunity to recalibrate financial regulation. While some discussions have centered on consolidating banking regulators, Dugan remains skeptical about the feasibility of such efforts.

“People have been talking about consolidating the regulator system that we’ve had for many, many years. We used to say, ‘It doesn’t work in theory, but it does work in practice.’ And I’m not so sure that’s actually true anymore,” he said. “There’s a lot of redundancy in the system.”

Instead of consolidation, the administration appears focused on streamlining regulatory coordination through the Treasury Department and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)—a move reminiscent of past regulatory structures.

The current uncertainty has also impacted the mergers and acquisitions (M&A) landscape. At the start of 2025, expectations were high for a strong year in deal-making. However, the evolving trade policy environment has led to a pullback.

“It’s fair to say we were more optimistic coming into this year than we are right at this moment,” Dugan admitted. “The activity in the first part of the year has been less than what we had anticipated.”

The key factor driving M&A trends is not just the content of policy decisions but the need for clarity. Businesses need a stable foundation on which to base their strategic moves, and until the administration’s trade policies take concrete shape, many companies are opting to wait.

“It’s almost less about what they actually decide than actually reaching decisions that people can count on and figure out and plan around,” Dugan explained.

From a global perspective, America’s evolving economic stance has left international business leaders uncertain about the future. During his recent travels to Paris and Davos, Dugan observed a growing concern among European businesses regarding their competitive position in the global economy.

“The perception among European businessmen is that they’re still very frustrated at what is perceived to be a much even higher level of regulation that’s imposed on European businesses, really causing them to fall behind the rest of the world,” he said.

At the same time, the appeal of the U.S. market remains strong, as foreign investors see America as a more attractive destination for capital. However, geopolitical tensions and policy unpredictability are prompting European governments to reconsider their economic strategies.

“What’s interesting is that since then, when you see what Germany did with blowing through its debt caps, it is an indication that they’re really doing some very significant change because of what’s happening geopolitically,” Dugan noted.

For Citigroup and other financial institutions, flexibility remains key. Whether the trend is toward globalization or regionalization, strong financial institutions will play a critical role in helping businesses restructure and thrive in this evolving environment.

“We’re waiting for the dust to settle,” Dugan said. “And at the same time, very much watching what’s happening in the market.”

Cboe to Launch S&P 500® Equal Weight Index Options

Cboe Global Markets Plans to Launch S&P 500® Equal Weight Index Options on April 14, 2025

March 10, 2025

  • New options to be listed on the S&P 500 Equal Weight Index (EWI)
  • S&P 500 EWI Index allocates each constituent a fixed weight at each quarterly rebalance
  • Launch to meet evolving market exposure demand for additional choice in indices and derivatives 

CHICAGO and BOCA RATON, Fla., March 10, 2025 /PRNewswire/ — Cboe Global Markets, Inc. (Cboe: CBOE), the world’s leading derivatives and securities exchange network today announced plans to launch options on the S&P 500 Equal Weight Index (EWI) on April 14, 2025, pending regulatory review. The new initiative was announced today at the 50th International Futures Industry Conference in Boca Raton, Florida.

S&P 500 EWI options will be cash-settled and based on 1/10th the value of the S&P 500 EWI, the equal-weight version of the S&P 500 Index. The S&P 500 EWI includes the same constituents as the capitalization-weighted S&P 500 Index, but each constituent of the S&P 500 EWI is allocated a fixed weight of 0.2% of the index total at each quarterly rebalance.

The equal-weight design of the S&P 500 EWI aims to provide different exposure to the same constituents of the capitalization-weighted S&P 500 Index. For example, as of December 20, 2024, the bottom 400 constituents represented approximately 80% of the S&P 500 EWI, compared to just 26% in the S&P 500 Index.

“The U.S. equity market’s increasing levels of concentration has led to market participants searching for additional tools to manage risk and diversify their exposure,” said Rob Hocking, Global Head of Product Innovation at Cboe. “Investors have long turned to S&P 500 Index options to help address volatility and geopolitical concerns, and by adding S&P 500 Equal Weight Index options to the toolkit, investors can gain broad exposure to the same constituents but with the ability to take a more targeted approach and hedge against idiosyncratic risks. S&P Dow Jones Indices has long been an important licensor of Cboe, and we are excited to continue innovating in an evolving market with the timely launch of these options.”   

S&P 500 EWI options may provide exposure to an index designed to be less impacted by a potential shift in concentration and momentum, and aim to offer investors the ability to hedge against potential swings in the largest S&P 500 stocks.

“For generations, The 500™ has been widely regarded as the best-single gauge of the U.S. equity market. To complement S&P DJI’s iconic market benchmark, the S&P 500 Equal Weight Index launched more than two decades ago to measure the performance of equal allocations among S&P 500 constituents,” said Tim Brennan, Global Head of Capital Markets at S&P Dow Jones Indices. “With concentration in the broader U.S. equity market increasing to its highest level in many years, S&P DJI is excited to collaborate with Cboe as it expands its offering to market participants who are interested in the potential diversification benefits of an equal-weighted approach.”

The planned S&P 500 EWI options launch is the latest innovation in the suite of products developed by Cboe based on S&P DJI indices. The suite includes tradable products such as the Cboe S&P 500 Index options (SPX), Mini SPX Options (XSP) and the recently launched Cboe S&P 500 Variance (VA) Futures, in addition to various volatility indices including the Cboe S&P 500 Dispersion Index (DSPX), Cboe S&P 500 Constituent Volatility Index (VIXEQ), and Cboe Implied Correlation® Indices. Cboe is currently developing a futures product on the DSPX Index to be listed on Cboe Futures Exchange (CFE), subject to regulatory review.

S&P 500 EWI options will be available during regular trading hours (RTH) between 9:30 a.m. ET and 4:15 p.m. ET. To learn more about the upcoming launch of the S&P 500 EWI options, visit the pre-launch resource hub here.  

About Cboe Global Markets, Inc.
Cboe Global Markets (Cboe: CBOE), the world’s leading derivatives and securities exchange network, delivers cutting-edge trading, clearing and investment solutions to people around the world. Cboe provides trading solutions and products in multiple asset classes, including equities, derivatives and FX, across North America, Europe and Asia Pacific. Above all, we are committed to building a trusted, inclusive global marketplace that enables people to pursue a sustainable financial future. To learn more about the Exchange for the World Stage, visit www.cboe.com.

24/7 Trading: Are Markets Ready?

The concept of 24/7 or 24/5 markets is no longer a theoretical debate, but an inevitable shift for financial markets.

Dave Olsen

Speaking at the The Future of Markets panel at FIA Boca on Monday, March 10, Dave Olsen, President and Chief Investment Officer, Jump Trading Group, said this shift appears to be “the inevitable reckoning.” 

Over the past few years, extended trading hours have become more prevalent, especially in markets like Asia, while the rise of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology has further accelerated this shift. But as markets extend their hours, both opportunities and risks emerge that must be carefully considered.

Emma Richardson, Global Head of Prime Platform, J.P. Morgan Securities pointed out, “There’s an opportunity to trade across multiple time zones, and the ability to calculate margin in real-time is critical.”

The push for longer trading hours has been driven by factors such as globalization, technological advancements, and increasing market demand. The rise of crypto and decentralized finance (DeFi) has also set a new expectation for continuous market access.

Despite the clear momentum toward always-on trading, managing risk remains a central challenge. Olsen emphasized that “risk doesn’t go away just because the market is closed—you still have exposure, whether you see it on the screen or not.” In a world where markets never stop, firms need new approaches to risk management, liquidity planning, and operational oversight. Liquidity management is a key concern. With traditional banking and collateral systems still operating on limited schedules, ensuring sufficient liquidity at all times is a complex issue. 

Operational resilience is another factor. If exchanges and clearing houses are open 24/7, how do they balance the need for system maintenance with the demand for uninterrupted trading? Regulatory frameworks must also evolve. Protecting market integrity and ensuring proper oversight in a continuously operating environment will require new rules and standards.

The crypto markets have already provided a real-world test case for these challenges. As Olsen recalled: “Many of us cut our teeth a decade ago figuring out how to staff the weekends, move capital efficiently, and pre-stage collateral.” Lessons from crypto trading could inform the evolution of traditional markets, particularly in areas such as automation, risk monitoring, and staffing strategies.

Brian Steele

Clearing and settlement remain significant hurdles. Without synchronized clearing and settlement, extended trading hours could create new liquidity bottlenecks. Some clearinghouses are already adapting. According to Brian Steele, Managing Director, President, Clearing & Securities Services, DTCC, the firm has announced plans to expand operations: ”Next year in Q2, we’ll see a clearing house running 24/5.”

However, questions remain about how to define a trading day consistently across markets, how to ensure collateral mobility, and whether existing technology infrastructure is robust enough to support a 24/7 framework.

Tokenization is emerging as a potential solution to some of these challenges. Richardson said that “When you think about mobilizing collateral efficiently, tokenization plays a huge role.” By representing assets as digital tokens on a blockchain, financial institutions could enable instant settlement, reduce counterparty risk, and improve collateral efficiency. Tokenization could also increase market access, allowing retail and institutional investors to trade seamlessly across different time zones. However, uncertainty remains about how tokenization will be implemented. 

Alicia Crighton

As markets move toward continuous trading, the industry must strike a balance between innovation and stability. Alicia Crighton, Co-Head of Global Futures, Goldman Sachs & Co. and Chair, FIA Board of Directors, who moderated the panel, made a crucial point: “Just because something is new doesn’t mean it’s great, and just because something is traditional doesn’t mean it’s broken.”

Traditional market structures—including exchanges, clearinghouses, market makers, and intermediaries—have long provided stability and risk management. The challenge is integrating new technology and extended hours without undermining these safeguards. Automated market makers and decentralized trading models could enhance liquidity, but they must address security and regulatory concerns. At the same time, regulatory harmonization is essential to ensure that continuous trading does not lead to market fragmentation across different jurisdictions.

The path forward may involve pilot programs in specific markets. Olsen suggested that by 2025, we could see a few markets experimenting with continuous trading, particularly in futures and equities. In the meantime, firms need to test operational models, develop new risk management frameworks, and work with regulators to shape policies that support both innovation and market stability.

Ultimately, this transition is about more than just technology—it requires a fundamental rethinking of market structure, risk management, and participant behavior. As Olsen put it: “Anybody who is ready for the weekend when things really move will have an advantage over those who aren’t.” The real question is not whether markets will move to 24/7 trading, but when—and how well prepared we are for the transition.

AI, IPOs, and the Next Era of Finance: Adena Friedman’s Perspective

The financial industry is undergoing profound changes, with shifting regulations, evolving investor sentiment, and the increasing role of technology shaping the capital markets. Speaking at a fireside chat moderated by Walt Lukken, President & Chief Executive Officer, FIA at FIA Boca on Monday, March 10, Nasdaq Chair and CEO Adena Friedman, shared her perspective on the evolving market landscape, the state of IPOs, regulatory modernization, and the transformative role of AI in financial technology.

Adena Friedman, Nasdaq
Adena Friedman

Reflecting on the current investment climate, Friedman highlighted a renewed sense of confidence among businesses and investors.

“People came into 2025 with a lot of confidence and hope for an environment where we could really rationalize regulation,” she said. “We’re also seeing an agenda that supports the ability for companies to grow.”

The IPO pipeline, according to Friedman, remains strong, with many companies ready to enter the public markets. However, the prevailing uncertainty—stemming from monetary policy changes, inflation fluctuations, and evolving regulatory frameworks—has made some firms hesitant.

“Since the end of 2021, we’ve seen relatively quiet IPO markets, but now more and more companies are prepared,” Friedman explained. “Investors are waiting for a stable environment to assess risks. The window for IPOs will open, and when it does, there are some truly interesting companies ready to step in.”

Regulatory Reform and Simplification

With the recent nomination of Paul Atkins as the new SEC Chair under the Trump administration, the conversation around regulatory reform has gained momentum. Nasdaq has been actively engaging with regulators to advocate for a more efficient framework.

“The real question is: What regulations are truly necessary for investor protection, and what has become outdated?” Friedman noted. “We must modernize rules governing public companies, streamline proxy and disclosure regulations, and create a more balanced approach to compliance.”

Friedman emphasized that excessive regulatory complexity stifles growth. A study by Nasdaq and Boston Consulting Group (BCG) revealed that while global complexity has increased sixfold in the last 50 years, regulatory burdens have multiplied 35 times over.

“If we can reduce risk and compliance costs by even 10 to 20%, we could unlock $25 to $50 billion in retained earnings across the banking sector,” Friedman stated. “That could translate into $500 billion in capital for market expansion.”

The Future of 24/5 Trading

A major initiative announced by Nasdaq is the planned expansion of U.S. equity trading to a 24/5 model by late 2026. The move aims to accommodate the growing demand for U.S. equities from international investors and align with existing 24-hour futures trading.

“We don’t take decisions like this lightly,” Friedman explained. “With $17 trillion in capital flowing into Nasdaq-listed securities, there is clear demand for extended trading hours. Futures markets are already operating 24/5, and alternative trading systems (ATS) have begun offering overnight trading.”

The transition will focus on three key pillars: liquidity, transparency, and market integrity. Nasdaq is forming an advisory committee composed of corporates, investors, market infrastructure providers, and brokers to ensure a seamless rollout.

AI’s Role in Finance and Compliance

Nasdaq has been at the forefront of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into financial markets, particularly in fraud detection, risk management, and surveillance.

“We’ve embedded AI across all our financial technology solutions, from trade surveillance to regulatory compliance,” Friedman said. “Our anti-financial crime division processes over a billion transactions per week, and AI has dramatically improved efficiency.”

She provided an example of how AI is revolutionizing compliance workflows:

“In the past, analysts manually searched the internet for background information on potential bad actors. Now, AI automates the process, compiles reports, and reduces investigation times by 90%.”

Nasdaq is also leveraging AI to accelerate risk calculations.

“Some risk assessments used to take hours to process,” Friedman explained. “With AI-driven computation, we’ve reduced that time to minutes, allowing for more accurate and timely risk management.”

The Global Competitive Landscape

While the U.S. is advancing in regulatory reform and market innovation, Friedman noted that Europe faces a pressing need to revamp its financial system to remain competitive.

“Europe has an opportunity to create a more dynamic capital market by harmonizing regulations, modernizing tax laws, and fostering a culture of equity ownership,” she said. “Sweden, for instance, has 36% of household income invested in equities—on par with the U.S.—whereas the rest of Europe lags at just 18%.”

She emphasized that regulatory fragmentation in Europe remains a challenge but expressed optimism that ongoing discussions with European policymakers could lead to meaningful change.

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